Goldberger's Clinical Electrocardiography A Simplified Approach 10Th Edition pdf
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- By: Ary L. Goldberger MD FACC
- Authors: Zachary D. Goldberger MD FACC FHRS , Alexei Shvilkin
- Pages: 385
- Language: English
- Format: PDF
- Size: 60.5 MB
- OVERVIEW
- This Book Is An Introduction To Electrocardiography Written Especially For Medical Students, House Officers, And Nurses. The Text, Which Assumes No Previous Instruction In Reading Electrocardiograms (ECGs), Has Been Widely Used In Entry-Level Courses. Frontline Clinicians, Including Emergency Medicine Physicians, Hospitalists, Emergency Medical Technicians, Physician Assistants, And Cardiology Trainees Wishing To Review The Essentials Have Consulted Previous Editions.
- A High Degree Of ECG “Literacy” Is Increasingly Important For Those Involved In Acute Clinical Care At All Levels, Requiring Knowledge That Far Exceeds Simple Pattern Recognition And Mnemonic Aids. ECG Interpretation Is Important Not Only As A Focal Point Of Clinical Medicine But As An Exemplar Of Critical Thinking. The Rigor Demanded By Competency In ECG Analysis Requires Attention Both To The Subtlest Of Details And To
- The Subtending Arcs Of Integrative Reasoning: Of “Seeing The Trees And The Forest.”
- Furthermore, ECG Analysis Is One Of Those Unique Areas In Clinical Medicine Where You Literally Observe Physiologic And Pathophysiologic Dynamics “Play Out” Over Seconds Down To Milliseconds. Not Infrequently, Bedside Rapid-Fire Decisions Are Based On Real-Time ECG Data. The Alphabetic P-QRS-T-U Sequence, Much More Than A Flat Graph, Represents A Dynamic Mapping Of Multidimensional Electrical Signals Literally Exploding Into Existence (Automaticity) And Spreading Throughout The Heart (Conduction) As Part Of The Fundamental Processes Of Activation And Recovery. The ECG Provides Some Of The Most Compelling And Fascinating Connections Between Basic “Preclinical” Sciences And The Recognition And Treatment Of Potentially Life-Threatening Problems In Outpatient And Inpatient Settings.
- This New, Tenth Edition Follows The General Format Of The Previous One. The Material Is Divided Into Three Sections. Part I Covers The Basic Principles Of 12-Lead Electrocardiography, Normal ECG Patterns, And The Major Abnormal Depolarization (QRS) And Repolarization (ST-T-U) Patterns. Part II Describes The Mechanism Of Sinus Rhythms, Followed By A Discussion Of The Major Arrhythmias And Conduction Abnormalities Associated With Tachycardias And Bradycardias. Part III Presents More Specialized Material, Including Sudden Cardiac Death, Pacemakers, And Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators (ICDs), And It Also Reviews Selected “Marquee” Topics Presented From Different Perspectives (E.G., Digitalis Toxicity, Sudden Cardiac Arrest) To Add Dimensionality To The Earlier Presentations. We Make Additional Materials For Review And Further Exploration Available In Online Supplements (ExpertConsult.Com).
ECG SKILL DEVELOPMENT AND INCREASING DEMANDS FOR LITERACY
Throughout, we seek to stress the clinical applications and implications of ECG interpretation. Each time we mention an abnormal pattern, a clinical correlate is introduced. Although the book is not intended as a manual of therapeutics, we briefly discuss general principles of treatment and clinical management where relevant. Whenever possible, we have tried to put ourselves in the position of the clinician who has to look at ECGs without immediate specialist backup and make critical decisions—sometimes at 3 a.m.!
In this spirit, we have tried to approach ECGs in terms of a rational, simple differential diagnosis based on pathophysiology, rather than through the tedium of rote memorization. It is reassuring to discover that the number of possible arrhythmias that can produce a resting heart rate of more than 150 beats or more per minute is limited to just a handful of choices. Only three basic ECG patterns are observed during most cardiac arrests. Similarly, only a limited number of conditions cause low-voltage patterns, abnormally wide QRS complexes, ST segment elevations, and so forth.
ADDRESSING “THREE AND A HALF” KEY CLINICAL QUESTIONS
In approaching any ECG, readers should get in the habit of posing “three and a half ” essential queries: What does the ECG show and what else could it be? What are the possible causes of the waveform pattern or patterns? What, if anything, should be done about the finding(s)?
Most basic and intermediate-level ECG books focus on the first question (“What is it?”), emphasizing pattern recognition. However, waveform analysis is only a first step, for example, in the clinical diagnosis of atrial fibrillation. The following issues must always be addressed as part of answering the initial diagnostic question: What is the differential diagnosis? (“What else could it be?”) Are you sure that the ECG actually shows atrial fibrillation and not another “look-alike pattern,” such as multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT), sinus rhythm with atrial premature beats, atrial flutter with variable block, or even an artifact resulting, for example, from parkinsonian tremor or a noisy baseline?
“What could have caused the arrhythmia?” is the question framing the next set of considerations. Is the atrial fibrillation associated with valvular or nonvalvular disease? If nonvalvular, is it related to hypertension, cardiomyopathy, coronary disease, advanced age, hyperthyroidism, or other factors, singly or in combination? On a deeper level are issues concerning the most basic electrophysiologic mechanisms. With atrial fibrillation, these mechanisms are still being worked out and involve a complex interplay of factors including abnormal pulmonary vein automaticity, micro-reentrant loops (wavelets) in the atria, inflammation and fibrosis (“atriopathy”), and autonomic perturbations
Finally, deciding on treatment and follow-up (“What are the therapeutic options and what is the best course to do choose in this case?”) depends in an essential way on answers to the questions posed above, with the ultimate goal of delivering the highest level of scientifically informed, compassionate care.
interactions where recognition of normal and abnormal patterns is only the starting point in patient care
The tenth edition contains updated discussions of multiple topics, including intraventricular and atrioventricular (AV) conduction disturbances, electronic pacemakers and implantable cardioverter–defibrillators (ICDs), sudden cardiac arrest, myocardial ischemia and infarction, takotsubo cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation and flutter, drug toxicities, amyloid cardiomyopathy, and COVID-19 infection, we highlight differential diagnoses, along with “pearls and pitfalls” in ECG interpretation. Familiarity with the limitations as well as the uses of the ECG is essential for novices and give special attention more seasoned clinicians. Reducing medical errors related to ECGs and maximizing the information content of these recordings, therefore, continue to be major themes
We also continue to give special emphasis to common points of confusion. Medical terminology (jargon) is rife with ambiguities that cause confusion and sometimes promote miscommunication. Students of electrocardiography face a barrage of challenges. Why do we call the “P-QRS interval” the “PR interval”? What is the difference between ischemia and injury? What is meant by the term “paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT)” and how does it differ (if it actually does) from “supraventricular tachycardia”? Is “complete AV heart block” synonymous with “AV dissociation”? I am delighted that the two coauthors on the previous two editions, Zachary D. Goldberger, MD, and Alexei Shvilkin, MD, PhD, continue in this role on the new tenth edition. We again thank our trainees and colleagues for their probing and challenging questions. Finally, we wish to express special gratitude to our families for their inspiration and encouragement. This edition again honors the memory of two remarkable individuals: the late Emanuel Goldberger, MD, a pioneer in the development of electrocardiography and the inventor of the aVR, aVL, and aVF leads, who was coauthor of the first five editions of this textbook (with ALG), and the late Blanche Goldberger, an exceptionally gifted artist and woman of valor.
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